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Coleus scutellarioides

(L.) Benth. (1830)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Coleus

coleus, coleus, weleweka, weleweka

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Erect perennial herbs.

Stems: Stems fleshy, 5–15 dm long, sparsely to moderately puberulent.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades ovate–deltate to broadly ovate, (7–)10–21 cm long, 2.5–10 cm wide. Upper surfaces sparsely to densely scabrid to hirtellous or strigillose; lower surfaces glandular punctate and hirtellous, especially on veins, Leaves variously colored green, red, purple, yellow, or variegated, membranous. Margins crenate to serrate. Petioles 2–5.5 cm long, strigillose. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in verticillasters or irregularly branched cymes 5–10(–25) cm long, bracts ovate, caducous; bracts early deciduous or absent; flowers pedicellate. Calyx actinomorphic, occasionally bilabiate, 2–2.5 mm long, enlarging to 4–6 mm long in fruit, hirtellous and glandular punctate, the glands black, upper lip broadly ovate, becoming recurved in fruit, apex acute, lower lip 4-toothed, the teeth distinctly unequal, lateral ones very short, truncate to rounded, median ones sharply pointed. Corolla zygomorphic, much exserted, blue or violet, tube whitish, lower lip boat–shaped, longer than upper lip, 8–13 mm long; nectary disk often present at base of ovary, annular or developed on anterior side only. Stamens 4, declinate, nearly included in corolla tube; filaments connate or free; anther cells apex confluent, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate, placentation basal-axile; ovules 1 per ovary lobe, anatropous to hemitropous or apotropous; style 1, apex equally 2-cleft, shortly 2 lobed; stigmas 2.

Fruit: Nutlets 1-seeded; brown; shiny; broadly ovoid to lenticular; 1–1.2 mm long. Seeds with endosperm absent or scanty and oily.

Ploidy: 2n = 16; 24; 36; 40; 48; 49; 54; 72

Habitat: Various forms are cultivated; some of which are now naturalized in disturbed parts of mesic to wet forest.

Elevation Range: 30–300 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (101)

Calchas acuminatus (Benth.) P.V.Heath (1996)
Calchas atropurpureus (Benth.) P.V.Heath (1997)
Calchas crispipilus (Merr.) P.V.Heath (1996)
Calchas scutellarioides (L.) P.V.Heath (1999)
Calchas scutellarioides var. angustifolia (Benth.) P.V.Heath (1999)
Calchas scutellarioides var. crispipilus (Merr.) P.V.Heath (1999)
Calchas scutellarioides var. limnophila (Benth.) P.V.Heath (1999)
Coleus acuminatus Benth. (1831)
Coleus atropurpureus Benth. (1830)
Coleus atropurpureus var. densiflorus Benth. (1832)
Coleus atropurpureus var. javanicus Benth. (1848)
Coleus atropurpureus var. ramosus Benth. (1830)
Coleus batemannii T.Moore (1868)
Coleus bausei T.Moore (1868)
Coleus bellotii Jacob-Makoy (1870)
Coleus berkeleyi T.Moore (1868)
Coleus blancoi Benth. (1848)
Coleus blumei Benth. (1832)
Coleus blumei var. marshallii (T.Moore) Rothsch. (1869)
Coleus blumei var. murrayi (T.Moore) Rothsch. (1869)
Coleus blumei var. pectinatus C.Morren (1856)
Coleus blumei var. telfordii (McPhail ex H.Laurentius) Rothsch. (1869)
Coleus blumei var. verschaffeltii (Lem.) Sved., Junell & Örtendahl (1929)
Coleus clarkei T.Moore (1868)
Coleus crispipilus (Merr.) Merr. (1910)
Coleus dixii T.Moore (1868)
Coleus eureka Anon. (1889)
Coleus formosanus Hayata (1906)
Coleus gaudichaudii Briq. (1898)
Coleus gibbsiae S.Moore (1917)
Coleus gibsonii J.J.Veitch (1866)
Coleus grandifolius Benth. (1832)
Coleus hendersonii Regel (1879)
Coleus hybridus Cobeau (1928)
Coleus igolotorum Briq. (1898)
Coleus ingratus (Blume) Benth. (1832)
Coleus integrifolius Elmer (1915)
Coleus laciniatus (Blume) Benth. (1832)
Coleus macranthus Merr. (1906)
Coleus macranthus var. crispipilus Merr. (1906)
Coleus marmoratus W.Bull (1864)
Coleus marshallii T.Moore (1868)
Coleus morletii Jacob-Makoy (1870)
Coleus multicolor J.H.Veitch ex Kellock (1877)
Coleus multiflorus Benth. (1832)
Coleus murrayi T.Moore (1868)
Coleus pictus Van Houtte (1878)
Coleus pubescens Merr. (1909)
Coleus pumilus Blanco (1837)
Coleus rehneltianus A.Berger (1917)
Coleus reveesii T.Moore (1868)
Coleus ruckeri T.Moore (1868)
Coleus saundersii T.Moore (1868)
Coleus savannicola K.Schum. (1900)
Coleus scottii T.Moore (1868)
Coleus scutellarioides ruber Jacob-Makoy (1863)
Coleus scutellarioides var. angustifolius Benth. (1870)
Coleus scutellarioides var. blumei (Benth.) Miq. (1858)
Coleus scutellarioides var. celebicus Miq. (1858)
Coleus scutellarioides var. crispipilus (Merr.) H.Keng (1969)
Coleus scutellarioides var. gibbsiae (S.Moore) Keng (1969)
Coleus scutellarioides var. gracilis Miq. (1858)
Coleus scutellarioides var. grandifolius (Benth.) Keng (1969)
Coleus scutellarioides var. ingratus (Blume) Miq. (1858)
Coleus scutellarioides var. integrifolius (Elmer) Keng (1969)
Coleus scutellarioides var. laciniatus (Blume) Miq. (1858)
Coleus scutellarioides var. laxus Benth. (1870)
Coleus scutellarioides var. limnophilus Benth. (1870)
Coleus secundiflorus Benth. (1832)
Coleus telfordii McPhail ex H.Laurentius (1868)
Coleus thomasii Jacob-Makoy (1870)
Coleus veitchii Dombrain (1867)
Coleus verschaffeltii Lem. (1861)
Coleus verschaffeltii var. marmoratus (W.Bull) André (1866)
Coleus verschaffeltii var. splendens Anon. (1874)
Coleus zschokkei Merr. (1910)
Germanea nudiflora Poir. (1812)
Majana acuminata (Benth.) Kuntze (1891)
Majana blancoi (Benth.) Kuntze (1891)
Majana grandifolia (Benth.) Kuntze (1891)
Majana multiflora (Benth.) Kuntze (1891)
Majana pumila (Blanco) Kuntze (1891)
Majana scutellariodes (L.) Kuntze (1891)
Majana scutellarioides var. atropurpureus (Benth.) Kuntze (1891)
Majana scutellarioides var. blumei (Benth.) Kuntze (1891)
Majana secundiflora (Benth.) Kuntze (1891)
Ocimum peltatum Schweigg. ex Schrank (1822)
Ocimum scutellarioides L. (1763)
Perilla nankinensis Wender. (1859)
Plectranthus aromaticus Roxb. (1814)
Plectranthus blumei (Benth.) Launert (1968)
Plectranthus ingratus Blume (1826)
Plectranthus laciniatus Blume (1826)
Plectranthus merrillii H.Keng (1978)
Plectranthus nudiflorus (Poir.) Willd. (1800)
Plectranthus scutellarioides Blume (1826)
Polypodium ovatum Burm.f. (1768)
Solenostemon blumei (Benth.) M.Gómez (1914)
Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd (1975)
Solenostemon verschaffeltii (Lem.) M.Gómez (1914)
Stenogyne fauriei H.Lév. (1911)

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: N.Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 16 (1830)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:828 (K, O, M, H [as Plectranthus scutellarioides]); Wagner & Herbst 1999:1883 (Syn. P. scutellarioides = Solenostemon scutellarioides); Staples & Herbst 2005:356 (KEY), 364 (DESCR); Grayer et al. 2010/Wagner et al. 2012:48 (Syn. S. scutellarioides = P. scutellarioides); Paton et al. 2019:93 (Syn. P. scutellarioides = C. scutellarioides)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Coleus scutellarioides Laie, Temple loam Preserved_Specimen flowers bluish; leaves red, red-yellow, purple Ziegelbauer, K. 32 Oahu BISH 1975-03-13
2 Coleus scutellarioides UH campus, courtyard of St.John Hall bed in full sun Preserved_Specimen Herb of 0.9 m; corolla royal purple and white Lau, J. 1175 Oahu BISH 1985-07-01
3 Coleus scutellarioides ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District. THe plant was collected on the side of the Puna Trail The plant was growing in an area densely shaded by large Mango trees. The soil is mostly loose cinder. Preserved_Specimen The plant was 3 ft. in height. Yoshida, L. 79.103 Hawaii BISH 1979-04-16
4 Coleus scutellarioides Honolulu, Tantalus, Puu Ualakaa gate wet forest, roadside; with Eucalyptus citriodora, Toona ciliata, Setaria gracilis Preserved_Specimen to 5-15 dm; erect; corolla blue Ray, G. 42 Oahu BISH 1997-08-27
5 Coleus scutellarioides East Maui, 15 mi W of Hana along Hwy. 36 with Eucalyptus, Monstera Preserved_Specimen shrubs to 6' with distinctive fred foliage (green above, maroon below), petals with purple at end of lower lip, remaining whitish. Henrickson, J.S. 3723 Maui BISH 1969-06-26
6 Coleus scutellarioides East Maui, side of Hana Hwy 2 mi from Hana ferns and grasses Preserved_Specimen Herb to 3'. Stems somewhat succulent, 4-angled. Leaves ovate, blunt-toothed. Infl. to 1', terminal. Flowers with purple corolla, bilabiate, 4-stamened. Calyx 2-lipped, 4-1 lobed Ishikawa, S. 163 Maui BISH 1972-10-14
7 Coleus scutellarioides Hanalei Valley, Ohiki Rd pasture Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1608 Kauai BISH 1986-03-24
8 Coleus scutellarioides Halelea, Limahuli; NTBG Preserved_Specimen Herb of 4'; stems green with varying amounts of maroon mottling; leaves green with dark wine to purple mottling, below grey-green with whitish-green veins; corolla tube white with faint violet cast. Flynn, T.W. 3765 Kauai BISH 1990-02-15
9 Coleus scutellarioides East Maui, Hana, along road to dump. Growing in weedy brush along road. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3221 Maui BISH 1990-07-14
10 Coleus scutellarioides Hana, along Olopawa road to cinder pit Preserved_Specimen Herb 1 meter ht with flowers Perlman, S. 22928 Maui BISH 2012-06-21
11 Coleus scutellarioides Stainback Hwy. near jct. with Hwy. 11 Preserved_Specimen Herb, to ~3', with violet stems and purple flowers. Leaves deep green with violet veins above, deep violet below Herbst, D.R. 925 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-16
12 Coleus scutellarioides Stainback Hwy. near jct. with Hwy. 11 Preserved_Specimen Herb, to ~3', with medium green foliage and stems. Flowers purple Herbst, D.R. 926 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-16
13 Coleus scutellarioides Stainback Hwy. near jct. with Hwy. 11 Preserved_Specimen Herb, to ~3', with violet stems and purple flowers. Leaves deep green with violet veins above, deep violet below Herbst, D.R. 925 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-16
14 Coleus scutellarioides East Maui, Hana Rd. near Hana Preserved_Specimen Flowers blue, leaves varigated; no two plants alike Fosberg, F.R. 9910 Maui BISH 1933-08-20
15 Coleus scutellarioides Nahiku rainy, shrubby aa lava Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 12462 Maui BISH 1939-08-30
16 Coleus scutellarioides Stainback Hwy. near jct. with Hwy. 11 Preserved_Specimen Herb, to ~3', with violet stems and purple flowers. Leaves deep green with violet veins above, deep violet below Herbst, D.R. 925 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-16
17 Coleus scutellarioides Stainback Hwy. near jct. with Hwy. 11 Preserved_Specimen Herb, to ~3', with medium green foliage and stems. Flowers purple Herbst, D.R. 926 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-16
18 Coleus scutellarioides Stainback Hwy. near jct. with Hwy. 11 Preserved_Specimen Herb, to ~3', with medium green foliage and stems. Flowers purple Herbst, D.R. 926 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-16
19 Coleus scutellarioides Hilo Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 911 Hawaii BISH 1909-05-01
20 Coleus scutellarioides Hanalei Valley, Ohiki Rd pasture Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1608 Kauai BISH 1986-03-24
21 Coleus scutellarioides Oahu Preserved_Specimen Brigham, W.T. Oahu BISH 1890-01-01
22 Coleus scutellarioides Oahu Preserved_Specimen Brigham, W.T. Oahu BISH 1890-01-01
23 Coleus scutellarioides Honolulu, Nuuanu, Kuakaha open garden bed Preserved_Specimen leaves metallic, almost iridescent red-violet Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1941-06-12
24 Coleus scutellarioides East Maui, Hana District, Kalahu, PTBG Kahanu Garden, around Piilanihale Heiau remnant Pandanus forest Preserved_Specimen Naturalized herb; calyx pale green, corolla dark purple at lip, tube becoming pale lilac then white. Some reddish-brown color on main inflorescence branches. Flynn, T.W. 2473 Maui BISH 1987-10-20
25 Coleus scutellarioides Hilo garden Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 10266 Hawaii BISH 1933-01-01
26 Coleus scutellarioides ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District, on the side of the Puna Trail The plant was growing in an area densely shaded by large Mango trees. The soil is mostly loose cinder. Preserved_Specimen The plant was 3 ft. in height and there were about 7 plants in the area. Yoshida, L. 79.103 Hawaii BISH 1979-04-16
27 Coleus scutellarioides Pupukea; Boys Campus clay silt Preserved_Specimen shrub; broad leaves, flowers alternately paired. Utai, M. 8 Oahu BISH 1975-02-01
28 Coleus scutellarioides Laie semi wet area Preserved_Specimen aromatic herb with square stems Guinto, J. 22 Oahu BISH 1986-03-06
29 Coleus scutellarioides Sunset Beach silty loam Preserved_Specimen Herb to 2'; multicolored red and green leaves, blue flowers. Afualo, D. 125 Oahu BISH 1975-03-25
30 Coleus scutellarioides 264 California Ave., Wahiawa red clay Preserved_Specimen herb Elia, H.V.K. 23 Oahu BISH 1971-04-04
31 Coleus scutellarioides Honolulu: Manoa Valley; University of Hawaii Manoa Campus, courtyard of St.John Hall bed in full sun Preserved_Specimen Herb of 0.9 m; corolla royal purple and white Lau, J. 1175 Oahu BISH 1985-07-01
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